Thoracic Intradural Disc Herniation: Key Considerations in Operative Management

A case presentation of intradural T11/12 disc with particular reference to the operative management, to emphasise the importance of identifying these rare cases and identify important operative considerations.

An 80 year old gentleman presented clinic with acute onset back and leg pain. He described pain in the L4 dermatomal distribution to both legs, with normal bladder and bowel function.

Lower limb power was normal, L3/4 reflexes were reduced and there were no signs of cord compression. MRI was performed which demonstrated a T11/12 disc prolapse with a possible intradural element.

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Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older Adults in Brazil

To evaluate the performance of renal function markers in the elderly. 105 individuals over 60 years old were divided in group A (60 to 79) and group B (≥ 80 years old) to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using creatinine and cystatin C equations.

In group A, the best correlations were observed between the serum creatinine levels and the eGFR calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine, and the cystatin C levels with CKD-EPI cystatin and Larsson equations, and in group B, between creatinine and CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin and CKD-EPI cystatin and cystatin with CKD-EPI cystatin equation.

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What is the Best Way for Helicobacter pylori Treatment?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are one of the fewest bacteria that are capable of penetrating and create the Infection in gastric tissue and are based on the gastric mucosa more than 50% of the human population.

H. pylori infection does not always cause disease but Puts the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders could severely affect such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, Gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue, gastric cancer And there's the possibility of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and idiopathic iron deficient anaemia In more severe cases.

The incidence of the disease is often asymptomatic, and it has a concern because this bacterial infection transmitted from the surface of the stomach and caused progressive damage.

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Health Risk Assessment of Children in the Environmental Pollution Region of Kardzhali for the Period 1991-2013

For more than 55 years is the environmental pollution region of Kardzhali in Bulgaria has been due to intense emissions from mining-processing, smelter plant and processing of nonmetallic minerals.

The main source of pollution in those years is smelter plant (Lead and Zinc Complex), but from 2011 to 2012 respectively, lead and zinc production was gradually stopped.

One of the mechanisms to assess the health risk among the population is to conduct biological monitoring, to make biological materials to determine the concentration of heavy metals in them. The most vulnerable group is children.

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